Return to more free geometry help or visit t he Grade A homepage. Return to the top of basic transformation geometry. This is typically known as skewing or distorting the image. In a non-rigid transformation, the shape and size of the image are altered. You just learned about three rigid transformations: This type of transformation is often called coordinate geometry because of its connection back to the coordinate plane. Rotation 180° around the origin: T( x, y) = (- x, - y) In the example above, for a 180° rotation, the formula is: Some geometry lessons will connect back to algebra by describing the formula causing the translation. That's what makes the rotation a rotation of 90°. Also all the colored lines form 90° angles. Notice that all of the colored lines are the same distance from the center or rotation than than are from the point. The figure shown at the right is a rotation of 90° rotated around the center of rotation. Also, rotations are done counterclockwise! You can rotate your object at any degree measure, but 90° and 180° are two of the most common. Reflection over line y = x: T( x, y) = ( y, x)Ī rotation is a transformation that is performed by "spinning" the object around a fixed point known as the center of rotation. Reflection over y-axis: T(x, y) = (- x, y) Reflection over x-axis: T( x, y) = ( x, - y) In other words, the line of reflection is directly in the middle of both points.Įxamples of transformation geometry in the coordinate plane. The line of reflection is equidistant from both red points, blue points, and green points. Notice the colored vertices for each of the triangles. Let's look at two very common reflections: a horizontal reflection and a vertical reflection. The transformation for this example would be T( x, y) = ( x+5, y+3).Ī reflection is a "flip" of an object over a line. More advanced transformation geometry is done on the coordinate plane. In this case, the rule is "5 to the right and 3 up." You can also translate a pre-image to the left, down, or any combination of two of the four directions. The formal definition of a translation is "every point of the pre-image is moved the same distance in the same direction to form the image." Take a look at the picture below for some clarification.Įach translation follows a rule. The most basic transformation is the translation. Translations - Each Point is Moved the Same Way And so this would be negative 90 degrees, definitely feel good about that.The original figure is called the pre-image the new (copied) picture is called the image of the transformation.Ī rigid transformation is one in which the pre-image and the image both have the exact same size and shape. And this looks like a right angle, definitely more like a rightĪngle than a 60-degree angle. And once again, we are moving clockwise, so it's a negative rotation. This is where D is, and this is where D-prime is. Point and feel good that that also meets that negative 90 degrees. This looks like a right angle, so I feel good about We are going clockwise, so it's going to be a negative rotation. ![]() Too close to, I'll use black, so we're going from B toī-prime right over here. Let me do a new color here, just 'cause this color is Much did I have to rotate it? I could do B to B-prime, although this might beĪ little bit too close. ![]() I can take some initial pointĪnd then look at its image and think about, well, how ![]() I don't have a coordinate plane here, but it's the same notion. Well, I'm gonna tackle this the same way. So once again, pause this video, and see if you can figure it out. ![]() So we are told quadrilateral A-prime, B-prime, C-prime,ĭ-prime, in red here, is the image of quadrilateralĪBCD, in blue here, under rotation about point Q. Compare the original coordinates against the rotated coordinates and develop a rule for a. So just looking at A toĪ-prime makes me feel good that this was a 60-degree rotation. O2C3 NOTES Part 1: Rotations ON the Coordinate. And if you do that with any of the points, you would see a similar thing. Another way to thinkĪbout is that 60 degrees is 1/3 of 180 degrees, which this also looks Like 2/3 of a right angle, so I'll go with 60 degrees. One, 60 degrees wouldīe 2/3 of a right angle, while 30 degrees wouldīe 1/3 of a right angle. This 30 degrees or 60 degrees? And there's a bunch of ways The counterclockwise direction, so it's going to have a positive angle. And where does it get rotated to? Well, it gets rotated to right over here. Remember we're rotating about the origin. Points have to be rotated to go from A to A-prime, or B to B-prime, or from C to C-prime? So let's just start with A. So I'm just gonna think about how did each of these So like always, pause this video, see if you can figure it out. We're told that triangle A-prime, B-prime, C-prime, so that's this red triangle over here, is the image of triangle ABC, so that's this blue triangle here, under rotation about the origin, so we're rotating about the origin here.
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